ARSLANTEPE II - PERIOD VII. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CEREMONIAL/POLITICAL CENTRE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE FOURTH MILLENNIUM BCE (LATE CHALCOLITHIC 3-4)
di
- Anno Edizione:
- 2019
- Collana/Rivista:
- ARSLANTEPE. Scavi e Ricerche ad Arslantepe-Malatya - Excavations and Researches at Arslantepe-Malatya
- Casa Editrice:
- Arbor Sapientiae Editore - Roma
- Argomento:
- Archeologia del Vicino Oriente
- ISBN:
- 978-88-31341-11-0
Prezzo: € 120.00
Descrizione:
Missione Archeologica Italiana nell’Anatolia Orientale
Sapienza Università di Roma - Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità
ARSLANTEPE vol. II
PERIOD VII - THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CEREMONIAL/POLITICAL CENTRE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE FOURTH MILLENNIUM BCE (LATE CHALCOLITHIC 3-4)
Francesca Balossi Restelli
Volume rilegato in tela verde con impressioni in argento e sovraccoperta, in 4°, 713 pp., ill.ni b/n e coll. 3 tavv. ripiegate f.t.
Arslantepe II - Period VII.
The Development of a Ceremonial/Political Centre in the first half of
the fourth millennium BCE (Late Chalcolithic 3-4)
Francesca Balossi Restelli
With contributions of C. Alvaro, L. Bartosiewicz, S. Cereda, Y.S.
Erdal, P. Fragnoli, M. Frangipane, G. Liberotti, A. Masi, C. Vignola.
Editor of the series is M. Frangipane
120 euro
Hardcover
713 pages
ISBN 978-88-31341-11-0
TABLE O F CONTENTS
PREFACE/PREFAZIONE (M. FRANGIPANE) Pag. 11
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS » 15
INTRODUCTION » 17
CHAPTER I - PERIOD VII AT ARSLANTEPE » 19
I.1 General Sequence and main characters of the settlement in relation with the overall
occupation at Arslantepe » 19
I.1.1 he Dimensions of the Period VII mound » 24
I.2 Excavation results: stratigraphy and architecture » 24
I.2.1 he North-Eastern Sector: Area C3 (E1-E15) » 24
I.2.2 he South-Western Sector: Areas D6-E6-C7-D7 » 38
I.2.2.1 SW, VII 1a-b » 28
I. 2.2.2 SW VII, 2a » 85
I 2.2.3 SW VII, 2b » 89
I 2.2.4 SW VII, 3a » 93
I 2.2.5 SW VII, 3b » 106
I 2.2.6 SW Period VII selected midden pits » 108
I.2.3 he Southern Sector: Area B-C 9 » 110
I.2.4 he North-Western Sector: Area D5 » 110
I.2.4.1 D5 1 » 111
I.2.4.2 D5 2 » 111
I.2.4.3 D5 3 » 116
I.2.4.4 D5 4 » 117
I.2.4.5 D5 5 » 122
I.3 The built space and its use. Open and Closed spaces, private and shared areas, and fixed
installations » 125
I.3.1 Ovens » 129
I.3.2 Hearths and andirons » 133
I.3.3 Other built installations » 136
I.4 Wall Paintings » 136
CHAPTER II - ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF PERIOD VII » 142
II.1 Arslantepe VII Radiocarbon Dates » 142
II.2 Late Chalcolithic 3-4 absolute chronology of Upper Mesopotamian contemporary sites » 144
CHAPTER III – ARCHITECTURAL ATTRIBUTES OF PUBLIC AND DOMESTIC
BUILDINGS IN PERIOD VII (C. ALVARO AND G. LIBEROTTI) » 148
III.1 Temple C. Architectural analysis (C. Alvaro) » 148
III.1.1 General Description » 150
III.1.2 he Platform » 155
6 F. Balossi Restelli
III.1.3 he Quarry and the Construction Site » 165
III.1.4 he shaping of the building » 169
III.2 Domestic architecture in Late Chalcolithic Arslantepe (G. Liberotti) » 171
III.2.1 Wall thickness, stone foundation and brickwork » 173
III.2.2 Size of rooms and buildings » 175
III.2.3 Access patterns and orientation » 177
III.2.4 he building materials » 183
III.2.5 Conclusion and discussion » 187
CHAPTER IV – ASSEMBLAGE OF CRETULAE FROM THE END OF PERIOD VII:
ADMINISTERED REDISTRIBUTION IN CEREMONIAL CONTEXTS. PRELIMINARY
REMARKS (M. FRANGIPANE WITH CONTRIBUTION BY S. CEREDA) » 190
IV.1 The contexts (M. Frangipane) » 190
IV.1.1 he assemblage of cretulae from Temple C » 192
IV.1.2 he assemblage of cretulae from Temple D » 196
IV.1.3 he assemblage of cretulae from A850 » 203
IV.1.4 Groups of cretulae in two pits » 205
IV.2 The function of cretulae: Preliminary remarks on the sealed objects » 205
IV.3 Some general remarks on period VII glyptics » 211
IV.4 A few concluding remarks » 214
Appendix: Micromorphological analyses from the floor of the main room in Temple D:
reconstruction of activities and rebuilding phases (S. Cereda) » 216
CHAPTER V - LATE CHALCOLITHIC BURIALS AND FUNERARY RITUALS (F. BALOSSI
RESTELLI AND Y.S. ERDAL) » 222
V.1 The context of the burials (F. Balossi Restelli) » 222
V.2 The funerary and ritual area in level SW 1b » 225
V.3 Burial types and depositions » 236
V. 4 Burial goods » 237
V.5 Bioarchaeological analysis of human bones in period VII (Y.S. Erdal) » 241
V.6 Demographic compositions of human remains » 248
V.7 Bone pathologies on the human remains » 251
V.8 Conclusions (F. Balossi Restelli and Y.S. Erdal) » 255
CHAPTER VI - LATE CHALCOLITHIC ANIMAL EXPLOITATION AT ARSLANTEPE
(L. BARTOSIEWICZ) » 260
VI.1 Introduction » 260
VI.2 Material and methods » 261
VI.2.1 Sub-divisions of the material » 262
VI.2.2 Taxonomic diversity and assemblage size » 265
VI.2.3 Methodological considerations » 265
VI.3 Taphonomic aspects » 266
VI.3.1 Deposition » 266
VI.3.2 Fragmentation » 266
VI.4 Taxonomic evaluation » 269
Table of contents 7
VI.4.1 Livestock and large game » 269
VI.4.2 Synthetic evaluation of economically important taxa » 271
VI.4.3 Dog » 272
VI.4.4 Herbivorous game » 273
VI.4.5 Horses » 275
VI.4.6 Carnivorous game » 277
VI.4.7 Insectivores » 281
VI.4.8 Birds » 283
VI.4.9 Poikilotherm animals » 283
VI.4.10 Ageing domestic animals » 285
VI.4.11 Anatomical evaluation » 288
VI.5 Discussion » 290
VI.5.1 Environmental considerations » 290
VI.5.2 Socio-economic aspects » 291
VI.5.3 Nature or nurture? » 292
VI.6. Conclusions » 293
Appendix » 295
CHAPTER VII - PLANT REMAINS FROM ARSLANTEPE LATE CHALCOLITHIC 3-4
(L. SADORI, A. MASI, C. VIGNOLA, F. BALOSSI RESTELLI) » 304
VII.1 Introduction » 304
VII.2 Environment around Arslantepe » 305
VII.3 Materials and methods » 306
VII.4 Results » 307
VII.4.1 Carpological remains » 307
VII.4.2 Charcoal remains » 307
VII.4.3 D13C and D15N values » 309
VII.5 Discussion and conclusion » 309
CHAPTER VIII – LATE CHALCOLITHIC 3-4 POTTERY- THE WARES » 318
VIII.1 Sampling, recording, study choices » 318
VIII.2 General features of the Late Chalcolithic 3-4 pottery and ware classification » 319
VIII.3 Hand made pottery - Domestic production » 323
VIII.3.1 CC (Ceramica scura fatta a mano, or Ceramica Comune) » 325
VIII.3.2 IC (Impasto Chiara) » 328
VII.3.3 BBW – MBW – RBBW (Black Burnished, Monochrome Burnished, Red-Black
Burnished Ware) » 328
VIII.4 Specialised pottery manufacture - Wheel fashioned and wheel made Pottery » 329
VIII.4.1 TGC (Tornita Grezza Chaf) » 335
VIII.4.2 TLC (Tornita Lisciata Chaf) » 335
VIII.4.3 RIB (Rossa Ingubbiata Brunita) » 335
VIII.4.4 CT (Cucina Tornita) » 337
VIII.4.5 FT (Fine Tornita) » 337
VIII.5 Chronological distribution of ware classes » 338
8 F. Balossi Restelli
CHAPTER IX - ARCHAEOMETRIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INVESTIGATION OF
POTTERY CRAFTSWORK AND EARTHEN CONSTRUCTION (P. FRAGNOLI AND G. LIBEROTTI) » 344
IX.1 The Introduction of the pottery wheel in Arslantepe Period VII: Integrated
observations on a micro-, meso- and macroscale level (P. Fragnoli) » 344
IX.1.1 Micro-patterns under the polarizing microscope: preliminary observations on forming
procedures » 344
IX.1.2 Macroscopic classiication of mass-produced bowls (TGC) into manufacturing types » 349
IX.2 (Re)Defining ceramic wares and spheres of production at Arslantepe period VII. The
contribution of petrographic and geochemical analyses (P. Fragnoli) » 356
IX.2.1 Minero-petrographic analysis » 357
IX.2.2 XRF-WDS geochemical analysis » 360
IX.2.3 Discussion of the results in terms of operational sequence and craft organization » 361
IX.2.4 Concluding remarks » 365
IX. 3 Cross-craft strategies in raw material procurement: ceramics, mud bricks and other
clay-based artefacts (P. Fragnoli and G. Liberotti) » 366
IX.3.1 Introduction » 366
IX.3.2 Preliminary data » 367
IX.3.3 Sample selection and analytical procedures » 369
IX.3.4 Geochemical results » 370
IX.3.4.1 Spider diagrams and bivariate plots on major and minor elements » 370
IX.3.4.2 Statistical elaboration: principal component analysis » 374
IX.3.5 Discussion » 376
CHAPTER X - LATE CHALCOLITHIC 3-4 POTTERY. THE SHAPES » 382
X.1 Methods and aims of the morphological analysis of pottery » 382
X.2 Criteria of classification » 384
X.2.1 Functional Groups » 385
X.3 Typological description and frequencies » 397
X.3.1 A - Globular Jars » 397
X.3.2 B - Large Globular Jars » 405
X.3.2 C - Small Jars with narrow neck » 410
X.3.4 D and E – Medium and Large sized narrow necked jars » 413
X.3.5 Narrow necked large and medium jars, some observations » 422
X.3.6 F - Pithoi » 425
X.3.9 G - Bowls and Basins » 428
X.3.10 Some observation on the Mass Produced Bowls » 445
X.3.11 H - Beakers » 448
X.3.12 I - Stemmed bowls » 455
X.3.13 L - Lids » 457
X. 3.14 Funnels » 458
X.3.15 Typology: a summary and chronological evaluation of types » 458
X.4 The typology of the FT – Fine and wheel turned ware (Fine tornita) » 462
X.5 RBBW, MBW and BBW – Red Black Burnished Ware and its relations with the BBW
and MBW » 465
X.6 Unique vessels » 470
X.7 Potter’s Marks » 473
X.8 Specialisation and Standardisation of ceramic production » 484
X.9 Transformation and changes in later VI A period pottery » 486
Table of contents 9
X.10 Interregional framework and relations of Arslantepe VII on the basis of the ceramics » 492
X.11 Typology Catalogue » 499
CHAPTER XI - OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF THE POTTERY » 516
XI.1 Wide mouthed Globular Jars (A and B) » 517
XI.2 Narrow necked jars (C, D, E) » 521
XI.3 Pithoi » 522
XI.4 Bowls, Basins and Stemmed bowls » 523
XI.5 Beakers » 524
XI.6 Morphology and Function at Arslantepe VII » 525
CHAPTER XII - IN SITU DISTRIBUTION OF PORTABLE ARTEFACTS AND THE USE OF
SPACE » 528
XII.1 Position makes the difference » 528
XII.2 In situ artefacts in the NE Sector » 531
XII.3 In Situ Artefacts in Area D5 » 543
XII.3.1 D5 1 - A923 » 543
XII.3.2 Phase D5 2 » 547
XII.3.3 Phase D5 3 » 551
XII.3.4 Phases D5 4 and 5 » 551
XII.4 In Situ Artefacts in Area SW » 552
XII.4.1 Phase of Abandonment, last use of area » 552
XII.4.1.1 K680 » 552
XII.4.1.2 K1215 » 552
XII.4.1.3 K1914 » 555
XII.4.2 Phase SW 1 » 559
XII.4.2.1 Building XXIX - Temple C » 559
XII.4.2.2 Behind Temple C » 581
XII.4.2.3 Temple D » 590
XII.4.2.4 Building XLVIII - the “Long Rooms” » 591
XII.4.2.5 he open area and round houses north of Building XLVIII » 609
XII.4.3 Phase SW 2 » 612
XII.4.4 Phase SW 3 » 621
XII.4.4.1 Building XXV » 625
XII.4.4.2 he Buildings to the south » 637
XII.5 Analysis of activities and daily practices on the basis of artefact distribution in
different contexts » 638
XII.5.1 Food Manipulation » 639
XII.5.2 Food Consumption » 642
XII.5.3 Food Serving and Storage » 646
XII.6 Artefact distribution in elite and non-elite domestic areas. A comparison » 647
XII.7 Artefact distribution in External Areas » 649
XII.8 Artefact distribution in Public and Ceremonial areas » 649
10 F. Balossi Restelli
CHAPTER XIII - COMPLEXITY OF SOCIETY IN ARSLANTEPE VII. THE LATE
CHALCOLITHIC OF THE MALATYA PLAIN AND ITS RELATIONS WITH THE
DEVELOPMENTS OF 4TH MILLENNIUM MESOPOTAMIA » 652
XIII.I Continuity and change in Arslantepe VII » 652
XIII.2 The steps to complexity » 655
XIII.3 Eastern Anatolia within the context of Greater Mesopotamia » 658
XIII.4 Open issues » 661
TURKISH SUMMARY » 662
BIBLIOGRAPHY » 682
ARSLANTEPE. Scavi e Ricerche ad Arslantepe-Malatya - Excavations and Researches at Arslantepe-Malatya
Marcella Frangipane editor
Volume pubblicato con finanziamenti del Ministero Università e Ricerca, e del Ministero degli Affari Esteri e Cooperazione Internazionale. Le attività di ricerca in preparazione del presente volume sono state in parte supportate dalla Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung.
This volume has been published with the financial support of the Italian Ministry of University and Research and of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Research in preparation of this volume has been partly supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung.
© Copyright by Missione Archeologica Italiana nell’Anatolia Orientale, Università Sapienza di Roma
Arslantepe Series, published and planned volumes:
Vol. I: Arslantepe-Malatya. The University of Rome archaeological project and the millenarian history of the site.
Vol. II: Arslantepe. Period VII. The Development of a ceremonial/political centre in the first half of the fourth millennium BC (Late Chalcolithic 3-4), Francesca Balossi Restelli.
Vol. III: Arslantepe. Period VII. Crafts and Specialisation in the first half of the fourth millennium BC (Late Chalcolithic 3-4).
Vol. IV: Arslantepe. Period VII. The origin of centralised administration in a public ceremonial context.
Vol. V: Arslantepe, Cretulae - An early centralised administrative system before writing, M. Frangipane (ed.) (published 2007).
Vol. VI: Arslantepe, Period VI A - A highly centralised palatial society at the end of the fourth millennium BC (LC 5) (in preparation).
Vol. VII: Arslantepe, Period VI A – The Ceramic Assemblage of Arslantepe VI A and its Significance in Food Related Practices (in preparation).
Vol. VIII: Die Siedlung der Mittelbronzezeit von Arslantepe. Eine Zentralsiedlung von Beginn des zweiten Jahrtausends v.Chr. in der Ebene von Malatya (Türkei), G.M. Di Nocera (published 1998).
Vol. IX: Arslantepe. Late Bronze Age. Hittite Influence and Local Traditions in an Eastern Anatolian Community, F. Manuelli (published in 2013).
Vol. X: Arslantepe. Archaeometry 1. Compositional and technological characterization of pottery and clay-based artefacts (in preparation).
Sapienza Università di Roma - Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità
ARSLANTEPE vol. II
PERIOD VII - THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CEREMONIAL/POLITICAL CENTRE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE FOURTH MILLENNIUM BCE (LATE CHALCOLITHIC 3-4)
Francesca Balossi Restelli
Volume rilegato in tela verde con impressioni in argento e sovraccoperta, in 4°, 713 pp., ill.ni b/n e coll. 3 tavv. ripiegate f.t.
Arslantepe II - Period VII.
The Development of a Ceremonial/Political Centre in the first half of
the fourth millennium BCE (Late Chalcolithic 3-4)
Francesca Balossi Restelli
With contributions of C. Alvaro, L. Bartosiewicz, S. Cereda, Y.S.
Erdal, P. Fragnoli, M. Frangipane, G. Liberotti, A. Masi, C. Vignola.
Editor of the series is M. Frangipane
120 euro
Hardcover
713 pages
ISBN 978-88-31341-11-0
TABLE O F CONTENTS
PREFACE/PREFAZIONE (M. FRANGIPANE) Pag. 11
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS » 15
INTRODUCTION » 17
CHAPTER I - PERIOD VII AT ARSLANTEPE » 19
I.1 General Sequence and main characters of the settlement in relation with the overall
occupation at Arslantepe » 19
I.1.1 he Dimensions of the Period VII mound » 24
I.2 Excavation results: stratigraphy and architecture » 24
I.2.1 he North-Eastern Sector: Area C3 (E1-E15) » 24
I.2.2 he South-Western Sector: Areas D6-E6-C7-D7 » 38
I.2.2.1 SW, VII 1a-b » 28
I. 2.2.2 SW VII, 2a » 85
I 2.2.3 SW VII, 2b » 89
I 2.2.4 SW VII, 3a » 93
I 2.2.5 SW VII, 3b » 106
I 2.2.6 SW Period VII selected midden pits » 108
I.2.3 he Southern Sector: Area B-C 9 » 110
I.2.4 he North-Western Sector: Area D5 » 110
I.2.4.1 D5 1 » 111
I.2.4.2 D5 2 » 111
I.2.4.3 D5 3 » 116
I.2.4.4 D5 4 » 117
I.2.4.5 D5 5 » 122
I.3 The built space and its use. Open and Closed spaces, private and shared areas, and fixed
installations » 125
I.3.1 Ovens » 129
I.3.2 Hearths and andirons » 133
I.3.3 Other built installations » 136
I.4 Wall Paintings » 136
CHAPTER II - ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF PERIOD VII » 142
II.1 Arslantepe VII Radiocarbon Dates » 142
II.2 Late Chalcolithic 3-4 absolute chronology of Upper Mesopotamian contemporary sites » 144
CHAPTER III – ARCHITECTURAL ATTRIBUTES OF PUBLIC AND DOMESTIC
BUILDINGS IN PERIOD VII (C. ALVARO AND G. LIBEROTTI) » 148
III.1 Temple C. Architectural analysis (C. Alvaro) » 148
III.1.1 General Description » 150
III.1.2 he Platform » 155
6 F. Balossi Restelli
III.1.3 he Quarry and the Construction Site » 165
III.1.4 he shaping of the building » 169
III.2 Domestic architecture in Late Chalcolithic Arslantepe (G. Liberotti) » 171
III.2.1 Wall thickness, stone foundation and brickwork » 173
III.2.2 Size of rooms and buildings » 175
III.2.3 Access patterns and orientation » 177
III.2.4 he building materials » 183
III.2.5 Conclusion and discussion » 187
CHAPTER IV – ASSEMBLAGE OF CRETULAE FROM THE END OF PERIOD VII:
ADMINISTERED REDISTRIBUTION IN CEREMONIAL CONTEXTS. PRELIMINARY
REMARKS (M. FRANGIPANE WITH CONTRIBUTION BY S. CEREDA) » 190
IV.1 The contexts (M. Frangipane) » 190
IV.1.1 he assemblage of cretulae from Temple C » 192
IV.1.2 he assemblage of cretulae from Temple D » 196
IV.1.3 he assemblage of cretulae from A850 » 203
IV.1.4 Groups of cretulae in two pits » 205
IV.2 The function of cretulae: Preliminary remarks on the sealed objects » 205
IV.3 Some general remarks on period VII glyptics » 211
IV.4 A few concluding remarks » 214
Appendix: Micromorphological analyses from the floor of the main room in Temple D:
reconstruction of activities and rebuilding phases (S. Cereda) » 216
CHAPTER V - LATE CHALCOLITHIC BURIALS AND FUNERARY RITUALS (F. BALOSSI
RESTELLI AND Y.S. ERDAL) » 222
V.1 The context of the burials (F. Balossi Restelli) » 222
V.2 The funerary and ritual area in level SW 1b » 225
V.3 Burial types and depositions » 236
V. 4 Burial goods » 237
V.5 Bioarchaeological analysis of human bones in period VII (Y.S. Erdal) » 241
V.6 Demographic compositions of human remains » 248
V.7 Bone pathologies on the human remains » 251
V.8 Conclusions (F. Balossi Restelli and Y.S. Erdal) » 255
CHAPTER VI - LATE CHALCOLITHIC ANIMAL EXPLOITATION AT ARSLANTEPE
(L. BARTOSIEWICZ) » 260
VI.1 Introduction » 260
VI.2 Material and methods » 261
VI.2.1 Sub-divisions of the material » 262
VI.2.2 Taxonomic diversity and assemblage size » 265
VI.2.3 Methodological considerations » 265
VI.3 Taphonomic aspects » 266
VI.3.1 Deposition » 266
VI.3.2 Fragmentation » 266
VI.4 Taxonomic evaluation » 269
Table of contents 7
VI.4.1 Livestock and large game » 269
VI.4.2 Synthetic evaluation of economically important taxa » 271
VI.4.3 Dog » 272
VI.4.4 Herbivorous game » 273
VI.4.5 Horses » 275
VI.4.6 Carnivorous game » 277
VI.4.7 Insectivores » 281
VI.4.8 Birds » 283
VI.4.9 Poikilotherm animals » 283
VI.4.10 Ageing domestic animals » 285
VI.4.11 Anatomical evaluation » 288
VI.5 Discussion » 290
VI.5.1 Environmental considerations » 290
VI.5.2 Socio-economic aspects » 291
VI.5.3 Nature or nurture? » 292
VI.6. Conclusions » 293
Appendix » 295
CHAPTER VII - PLANT REMAINS FROM ARSLANTEPE LATE CHALCOLITHIC 3-4
(L. SADORI, A. MASI, C. VIGNOLA, F. BALOSSI RESTELLI) » 304
VII.1 Introduction » 304
VII.2 Environment around Arslantepe » 305
VII.3 Materials and methods » 306
VII.4 Results » 307
VII.4.1 Carpological remains » 307
VII.4.2 Charcoal remains » 307
VII.4.3 D13C and D15N values » 309
VII.5 Discussion and conclusion » 309
CHAPTER VIII – LATE CHALCOLITHIC 3-4 POTTERY- THE WARES » 318
VIII.1 Sampling, recording, study choices » 318
VIII.2 General features of the Late Chalcolithic 3-4 pottery and ware classification » 319
VIII.3 Hand made pottery - Domestic production » 323
VIII.3.1 CC (Ceramica scura fatta a mano, or Ceramica Comune) » 325
VIII.3.2 IC (Impasto Chiara) » 328
VII.3.3 BBW – MBW – RBBW (Black Burnished, Monochrome Burnished, Red-Black
Burnished Ware) » 328
VIII.4 Specialised pottery manufacture - Wheel fashioned and wheel made Pottery » 329
VIII.4.1 TGC (Tornita Grezza Chaf) » 335
VIII.4.2 TLC (Tornita Lisciata Chaf) » 335
VIII.4.3 RIB (Rossa Ingubbiata Brunita) » 335
VIII.4.4 CT (Cucina Tornita) » 337
VIII.4.5 FT (Fine Tornita) » 337
VIII.5 Chronological distribution of ware classes » 338
8 F. Balossi Restelli
CHAPTER IX - ARCHAEOMETRIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INVESTIGATION OF
POTTERY CRAFTSWORK AND EARTHEN CONSTRUCTION (P. FRAGNOLI AND G. LIBEROTTI) » 344
IX.1 The Introduction of the pottery wheel in Arslantepe Period VII: Integrated
observations on a micro-, meso- and macroscale level (P. Fragnoli) » 344
IX.1.1 Micro-patterns under the polarizing microscope: preliminary observations on forming
procedures » 344
IX.1.2 Macroscopic classiication of mass-produced bowls (TGC) into manufacturing types » 349
IX.2 (Re)Defining ceramic wares and spheres of production at Arslantepe period VII. The
contribution of petrographic and geochemical analyses (P. Fragnoli) » 356
IX.2.1 Minero-petrographic analysis » 357
IX.2.2 XRF-WDS geochemical analysis » 360
IX.2.3 Discussion of the results in terms of operational sequence and craft organization » 361
IX.2.4 Concluding remarks » 365
IX. 3 Cross-craft strategies in raw material procurement: ceramics, mud bricks and other
clay-based artefacts (P. Fragnoli and G. Liberotti) » 366
IX.3.1 Introduction » 366
IX.3.2 Preliminary data » 367
IX.3.3 Sample selection and analytical procedures » 369
IX.3.4 Geochemical results » 370
IX.3.4.1 Spider diagrams and bivariate plots on major and minor elements » 370
IX.3.4.2 Statistical elaboration: principal component analysis » 374
IX.3.5 Discussion » 376
CHAPTER X - LATE CHALCOLITHIC 3-4 POTTERY. THE SHAPES » 382
X.1 Methods and aims of the morphological analysis of pottery » 382
X.2 Criteria of classification » 384
X.2.1 Functional Groups » 385
X.3 Typological description and frequencies » 397
X.3.1 A - Globular Jars » 397
X.3.2 B - Large Globular Jars » 405
X.3.2 C - Small Jars with narrow neck » 410
X.3.4 D and E – Medium and Large sized narrow necked jars » 413
X.3.5 Narrow necked large and medium jars, some observations » 422
X.3.6 F - Pithoi » 425
X.3.9 G - Bowls and Basins » 428
X.3.10 Some observation on the Mass Produced Bowls » 445
X.3.11 H - Beakers » 448
X.3.12 I - Stemmed bowls » 455
X.3.13 L - Lids » 457
X. 3.14 Funnels » 458
X.3.15 Typology: a summary and chronological evaluation of types » 458
X.4 The typology of the FT – Fine and wheel turned ware (Fine tornita) » 462
X.5 RBBW, MBW and BBW – Red Black Burnished Ware and its relations with the BBW
and MBW » 465
X.6 Unique vessels » 470
X.7 Potter’s Marks » 473
X.8 Specialisation and Standardisation of ceramic production » 484
X.9 Transformation and changes in later VI A period pottery » 486
Table of contents 9
X.10 Interregional framework and relations of Arslantepe VII on the basis of the ceramics » 492
X.11 Typology Catalogue » 499
CHAPTER XI - OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF THE POTTERY » 516
XI.1 Wide mouthed Globular Jars (A and B) » 517
XI.2 Narrow necked jars (C, D, E) » 521
XI.3 Pithoi » 522
XI.4 Bowls, Basins and Stemmed bowls » 523
XI.5 Beakers » 524
XI.6 Morphology and Function at Arslantepe VII » 525
CHAPTER XII - IN SITU DISTRIBUTION OF PORTABLE ARTEFACTS AND THE USE OF
SPACE » 528
XII.1 Position makes the difference » 528
XII.2 In situ artefacts in the NE Sector » 531
XII.3 In Situ Artefacts in Area D5 » 543
XII.3.1 D5 1 - A923 » 543
XII.3.2 Phase D5 2 » 547
XII.3.3 Phase D5 3 » 551
XII.3.4 Phases D5 4 and 5 » 551
XII.4 In Situ Artefacts in Area SW » 552
XII.4.1 Phase of Abandonment, last use of area » 552
XII.4.1.1 K680 » 552
XII.4.1.2 K1215 » 552
XII.4.1.3 K1914 » 555
XII.4.2 Phase SW 1 » 559
XII.4.2.1 Building XXIX - Temple C » 559
XII.4.2.2 Behind Temple C » 581
XII.4.2.3 Temple D » 590
XII.4.2.4 Building XLVIII - the “Long Rooms” » 591
XII.4.2.5 he open area and round houses north of Building XLVIII » 609
XII.4.3 Phase SW 2 » 612
XII.4.4 Phase SW 3 » 621
XII.4.4.1 Building XXV » 625
XII.4.4.2 he Buildings to the south » 637
XII.5 Analysis of activities and daily practices on the basis of artefact distribution in
different contexts » 638
XII.5.1 Food Manipulation » 639
XII.5.2 Food Consumption » 642
XII.5.3 Food Serving and Storage » 646
XII.6 Artefact distribution in elite and non-elite domestic areas. A comparison » 647
XII.7 Artefact distribution in External Areas » 649
XII.8 Artefact distribution in Public and Ceremonial areas » 649
10 F. Balossi Restelli
CHAPTER XIII - COMPLEXITY OF SOCIETY IN ARSLANTEPE VII. THE LATE
CHALCOLITHIC OF THE MALATYA PLAIN AND ITS RELATIONS WITH THE
DEVELOPMENTS OF 4TH MILLENNIUM MESOPOTAMIA » 652
XIII.I Continuity and change in Arslantepe VII » 652
XIII.2 The steps to complexity » 655
XIII.3 Eastern Anatolia within the context of Greater Mesopotamia » 658
XIII.4 Open issues » 661
TURKISH SUMMARY » 662
BIBLIOGRAPHY » 682
ARSLANTEPE. Scavi e Ricerche ad Arslantepe-Malatya - Excavations and Researches at Arslantepe-Malatya
Marcella Frangipane editor
Volume pubblicato con finanziamenti del Ministero Università e Ricerca, e del Ministero degli Affari Esteri e Cooperazione Internazionale. Le attività di ricerca in preparazione del presente volume sono state in parte supportate dalla Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung.
This volume has been published with the financial support of the Italian Ministry of University and Research and of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Research in preparation of this volume has been partly supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung.
© Copyright by Missione Archeologica Italiana nell’Anatolia Orientale, Università Sapienza di Roma
Arslantepe Series, published and planned volumes:
Vol. I: Arslantepe-Malatya. The University of Rome archaeological project and the millenarian history of the site.
Vol. II: Arslantepe. Period VII. The Development of a ceremonial/political centre in the first half of the fourth millennium BC (Late Chalcolithic 3-4), Francesca Balossi Restelli.
Vol. III: Arslantepe. Period VII. Crafts and Specialisation in the first half of the fourth millennium BC (Late Chalcolithic 3-4).
Vol. IV: Arslantepe. Period VII. The origin of centralised administration in a public ceremonial context.
Vol. V: Arslantepe, Cretulae - An early centralised administrative system before writing, M. Frangipane (ed.) (published 2007).
Vol. VI: Arslantepe, Period VI A - A highly centralised palatial society at the end of the fourth millennium BC (LC 5) (in preparation).
Vol. VII: Arslantepe, Period VI A – The Ceramic Assemblage of Arslantepe VI A and its Significance in Food Related Practices (in preparation).
Vol. VIII: Die Siedlung der Mittelbronzezeit von Arslantepe. Eine Zentralsiedlung von Beginn des zweiten Jahrtausends v.Chr. in der Ebene von Malatya (Türkei), G.M. Di Nocera (published 1998).
Vol. IX: Arslantepe. Late Bronze Age. Hittite Influence and Local Traditions in an Eastern Anatolian Community, F. Manuelli (published in 2013).
Vol. X: Arslantepe. Archaeometry 1. Compositional and technological characterization of pottery and clay-based artefacts (in preparation).
