Introduction to Mechanical Behaviour of Ceramics

286 pp., tavv., ill.



Indice


PAG.
IX -
PREFACE
1 - INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF CERAMICS - Goffredo de Porto
1 - Introduction
2 - Statistical Analysis of Literature
4 - Failure Behaviour
8 - Origin of Flaws
8 - Surface Cracks
12 - Fabrication Defects
13 - Statistical Analysis
14 - Environmental and Time Effect
17 - Strength Probability Time (SPT) Diagrams
18 - Process Improvement
19 - Toughening of Monolithic Ceramics
19 - Stress Induced Trasformation
21 - Microcracking
23 - Crack Deflection
24 - Crack Bridging
25 - Crack Growth Resistance (R-curve)
26 - Concluding Remarks
26 - References
31 - ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF CERAMICS - David J. Green
31 - Linear Elasticity
36 - Influence of Atomic Structure
39 - Influence of Microstructure on Elastic Costants
44 - Measurement of Elastic Costants for Isotropic Materials
49 - Summary
50 - References
53 - FRACTURE MECHANICS - David J. Green
53 - Griffith Approach
59 - Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics
60 - Crack StabiIity
62 - Identation Fracture Mechanics
63 - R-Curve Behaviour
65 - Concluding Remarks
67 - References
69 - STRENGTH - CONTROLLING FLAWS IN CERAMICS - David J. Green
70 - Sources of Crack Formation
71 - Fractography
72 - Examples of Flaw Origins
77 - Strength Improvements and Processing
79 - References
81 - INDENTATION OF CERAMICS - David J. Rowcliffe
81 - Introduction
82 - Indenter Shapes, Cracks and Indentation Cycles
88 - Stress Fields Under Indenters
91 - Hardness and Hardness Anisotropy
95 - Indentation Fracture Toughness
97 - Measurement of Elastic Modulus
98 - Low - Load Indentation
101 - Conclusions
102 - References
105 - STRENGTH AND RELIABILITY OF CERAMICS - John E. Ritter
105 - Introduction
106 - Reliability Considerations
106 - Statistics
110 - Time Dependent Failure
112 - Reliability Analysis
112 - Proof Testing
114 - Toughened Ceramics
116 - Application
119 - Summary
120 -
References
123 - CREEP OF CERAMICS - Sheldon M. Wiederhorn
123 - Introduction
123 - Implications of Creep to Life time
126 - The Importance of Microstructure to Creep
126 - Single - Phase Ceramics
129 - Multi - Phase Cerarnics
132 - Fiber or Whisker Reinforcement
134 - Summary
134 - References
137 - CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE OF STRUCTURAL CERAMICS - Sheldon M. Wiederhorn
137 - Introduction
138 - Tensile Versus Compressive Creep
143 - Creep Rupture of Structural Ceramics
144 - Siliconized/Silicon Carbide
147 - Whisker - Reinforced - Composites
149 - Material Assessment
151 - References
155 - THERMAL - SHOCK PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS - Philippe Boch
155 - Brittle Behaviour of Ceramics
157 - Thermal Expansion of Solids
158 - Thermal Expansion of Crystals
158 - Single Crystals and Symmetry
158 - Polycrystals
159 - Multiphase Materials
161 - Thermal Expansion of Glasses
162 - Thermal - Shock Resistance of a Part
163 - The Thermoelastic Theory of Thermal - Shock Resistance
163- Thermal Stress and Thermal Strain
166 - Thermal Stress Distribution
167 - Strengthening of Glass by Thermal Quenching
168- Thermal - Shock Severity
168- Thermal - Shock Resistance Hierarchy
169 - Various Geometries and Heat - Exchange Conditions
170 - Applicability of the Thermoelastic Theory
171 - The Energetic Theory of Thermal - Shock Resistance
171 - The Energetic Theory
174 - Thermal - Shock Resistance Parameters
175 - Applicability of the Energetic Theory
175 - Which Theory Should be Chosen?
175 - Thermal Fatigue
177 - Determination of dT and Standards
178 - Conclusions
179 - References
181 - TOUGHENING MECHANISMS OF CERAMICS - Gunter Ziegler
181 - Introduction
182 - Toughening Mechanisms
191 - State - of - the - Art of Ceramic - Matrix Composites
191 - Composite Systems
196 - Criticai Review
201 - Examples far Problem Areas
201 - Low - Temperature Processing
208 - Importance of Interface
214 - References
217 - THE FRACTURE OF CERAMIC - MATRIX COMPOSITES - Orfeo Sbaizero
217 - Introduction
218 - Toughening Mechanisms
222 - Stress - Strain Curve
224 - Matrix Cracking
225 - Ultimate Strength
226 - Pull- Out
226 - Conclusions
227 - References
229 - EROSION OF HIGH - TEC H CERAMICS - John E. Ritter
229 - Introduction
231 - Static Versus Impact Damage
234 - Strength Degradation
239 - Erosive Wear
242- References
245 - FRICTION AND WEAR OF CERAMICS. TEST METHODS AND WEAR MECHANISMS - Remo Martinella and Giuseppe Palombarini
245 - Introduction
246 - Role of Standard Wear Tests
247 - Selecting Testing Rigs
252 - Measuring Friction and Wear and Reproducibility of Data
259 - Wear Mechanisms
269 - References
271 - STANDARDISATION IN THE FIELD OF ADVANCED TECHNICAL CERAMICS - Roger Morrell
271 - Introduction
273 - Terminology and Classification
274 - Standardisation of Test Methods
274 - Ceramic Powders
275 - Monolithic Ceramic Materials
275 - Strength Tests
277 - Elastic Properties
277 - Fracture Toughness Tests
278 - Slow Crack Growth Tests
279 - Creep Tests
280 - Wear and Hardness Tests
280 - Thermal Properties and Thermal Shock
281 - Oxidation and Corrosion Testing
282 - Ceramic Matrix Composites
282 - Mechanical Testing
283 - Other Aspects
283 - Ceramic Coatings
284 - Concluding Remarks
284 - References